We’re heading farther up and farther in as we explore the Forgotten Kingdom, so let’s take a breath! In this Bonus episode, Brian steps back and surveys and summarizes our journey into deep discipleship so far.
He reviews and expands on the Great Omission, and adds some color to the Three Primary Problems, major obstacles to our spiritual formation and our quest to become more like Jesus.
Can our culture’s lack of discipleship and these three challenges be overcome? Let’s find out!
TRANSCRIPTION
The Soil And Roots Story So Far
Oh, the Irony!
When I was a kid, I was very short. As a sophomore in high school, I measured in at 4ft 10 inches and weighed about 120 lbs. And I had bad acne. And I was somewhat of a nerd. In fact, I spent most of my high school career ranked #2 in our class.
None of this made me very popular, though I did somehow avoid getting beaten up and doing other kids’ homework. However, as I approached the end of my senior year, something magical happened – my class rank jumped to #1, tied with another, much taller, nerd.
The gap between valedictorian and salutatorian was actually pretty big– it could mean getting in or not getting into competitive colleges, awards at graduation, and, most importantly, money. The difference between graduating first or second could be measured in the thousands of dollars of college scholarships.
I attended McDowell High School in Erie, Pennsylvania, and, at least back then, gym class was graded. But it wasn’t graded on participation. It was graded on performance. Each semester, we were subjected to learning a new sport and then assessed based on our athletic ability to play said sport. As my high school career drew to a close and the class ranks were about to be locked in for graduation, I had one last athletic hurdle to overcome: basketball.
I needed an A in gym class to keep my class rank, and to get an A in gym class, I needed to get an A in one last basketball skill challenge: free throws. I needed to sink 7 out of 10 shots from the line.
Somewhere along the way, I wondered how my high school career had come down to this. For all of the studying and tests and papers and speeches I had given, my class rank was now dependent on my ability to succeed in a sport I didn’t like, using a body that wasn’t made, in any way, shape, or form, for basketball. The irony was inescapable.
The good news is you could take the skills challenge as many times as you wanted throughout the term. The bad news is that I had taken the challenge about 20 times and hadn’t come close to sinking 7 out of 10 free throws. I attempted to negotiate, cajole, persuade, and beg my gym teacher, Coach Fuller, to let me earn an A in any other way, including extra credit. I argued that 7 out of 10 shots was unrealistic. Shaquille O’Neal averaged 53% from the line, and he’s like 9 feet tall…how was I supposed to average 70%? Coach Fuller, however, was not someone to be trifled with and insisted I had to earn my A like everyone else.
So, on the very last day of gym class, there I sat, still unable to hit 70%. I took the test twice during class and failed, and then the bell rang. In a last-ditch effort, I asked Coach if I could stay after class and take it one last time.
Somewhat exasperated, Coach agreed. After everyone else left, he came up and said, “Look, you need to line up your elbow, your wrist, and your hand. When you shoot the ball, you need your body positioned properly. Your elbow keeps sticking out. That’s why you keep missing your shots.” He took my arm and maneuvered it around until he thought I was in the proper position. “There,” he said. “Try that.”
I suppose if my high school life were a movie, the theme to “Chariots of Fire” or “Rudy” would have started playing softly in the background at that moment. And the next few minutes would have been in slow motion. In fact, that’s how it felt– time slowed down as I stood there shooting baskets for thousands of dollars of non-athletic scholarship money.
Believe it or not, in those tense moments after my last class of the semester, I hit 7 out of 10 free throws. It was the first time I achieved 70%, and I haven’t done it since.
Our Stories
Each of our lives has these moments – these key events that often shape who we are and who we will become. Sometimes they’re moments of triumph, perhaps a come-from-behind victory or a successful “underdog” scenario. Or they are profoundly important scenes from our key relationships: how we got engaged to our spouse, the birth of our children. Our first kiss, our first dance. Maybe they’re moments from meaningful vacations or excursions: a perfect day on the slopes or catching a glimpse of a manta ray while snorkeling, the first time seeing the Grand Canyon, or watching a dramatic thunderstorm from an airplane.
We may not remember what we had for lunch yesterday, but each of us has a collection of wonderful memories emblazoned on our hearts and minds, and we pull them out once in a while, in a quiet moment or when we’re sharing with friends.
There are other types of memories branded onto our souls, though these are moments we might want to forget. The moment our parents told us they were getting a divorce, the concerned look of a doctor after reviewing our test results. The day our child walked out, yet to come back, or the moment we realized a dear friend was no longer a friend.
These moments, these imprinted wonderful or difficult memories, form our stories. And our stories form us. They form our hearts, our spirits. And part of being a deep disciple is looking back on our stories in order to determine how and why we’ve been formed into who we are today.
Bonus!
Once in a while, we throw in a Bonus Episode here on the Soil and Roots journey. We’re about a dozen episodes into Season 4, so it seems like a good time to slow down, pull back a bit, and remember the story we’ve explored to this point. Whether you’re experiencing the Soil and Roots journey by yourself or becoming a deep disciple in a Greenhouse, chances are you’ve made some memories over the past few years, so let’s pull out some highlights from our time together as we prepare to dive more into the Kingdom the rest of this season.
The Critical Journey
Our journey began with the realization that modern Christianity preaches and teaches about making disciples, but struggles to actually make them. Philosopher Dallas Willard called this irony the “Great Omission.” He wrote an entire book about it, lectured on it, and did his best to wake the church up to its reality. He said, “…what we’ve arrived at in North America is wall-to-wall non-discipleship Christianity.”[1]
Willard believed there are three variations of the Gospel preached today, none of which is the actual biblical Gospel.
He said, “The first is that believing Jesus suffered for your sins and brings forgiveness and heaven…Is it true? Yes, it’s true, but that’s not the gospel. It’s actually one theory of the atonement, and it does not make up the whole of the gospel.”[2] Here at Soil and Roots, we’ve called this the “Reductionist Gospel.” It is good news – it’s just not nearly the entire story.
The second version of the gospel is about liberation and deliverance from oppression, typically associated with theologically left. Willard said the third version is what he called “churchmanship.” “You take care of your church, and your church will take care of you. Today, that’s widely practiced in Christianity. Much more widely than people think, and, unfortunately, that ‘gospel’ isn’t even true.”[3]
We should let this sink in. From his perspective, and the perspective of numerous Christian and non-Christian thinkers, the West, the supposed great bastion and light of Christianity to the world, isn’t actually doing the very thing it claims to be best in the world at.
We’ve looked at this Great Omission from a few different angles. In the book The Critical Journey, Janet Hagberg and Robert Guelich propose six stages in our journey toward becoming more like Jesus. Chances are, we’re familiar with the first three: being introduced to God, learning about Him, and then serving Him through the church and other opportunities.
However, many of us aren’t taught and haven’t yet discovered the last three stages: the journey inward, the journey outward, and living a life of love. Hagberg and Guelich suggest that modern church institutions only emphasize and teach the first three stages, so few of us know what’s next after we begin a life of service.
This stage 4, the journey inward, may seem awkward or even wrong to us. This stage involves serious, potentially long-term self-reflection. It involves digging into the bedrock of our hearts, exploring our stories, and asking questions about ourselves and those around us that we may not want to ask. It just seems…selfish. Yet it’s a necessary step if we want to eventually live the type of life Jesus and His apostles lived. We can’t get to stage 6, a life of love, without venturing through this time of serious self-probing.
Most of us don’t venture into Stage 4 because it always involves some sort of “Wall.” The Wall can be any number of things: a theological crisis, a divorce, an illness, a betrayal, wayward children, a job or life change, or the passing of someone close to us. The Wall shakes us up – it causes us to question what we learned and assumed in the first three stages of our formation.
My wife and I hit the Wall several years ago when we were forced out of a community we had helped to build. It shook us to the core and led us to revisit many assumptions we had about God, ourselves, others, the modern church, and the Christian faith.
The Wall is really the beginning of our journey into what we here call “deep discipleship.” Some people hit the Wall and fall back into stages 1, 2, and 3. Some people just pile on coping mechanisms: more work, more volunteerism, more doctrine. Some people give up and disconnect from the faith entirely. They “deconstruct.”
The Hillsong Wall
Hulu produced a documentary on Hillsong, the Australia-based megachurch that has faced various scandals over the past several years. It was revealed that the founding pastor was a serial child sex predator. As a result, his son faced legal problems and eventually resigned from that church. The pastor of the thriving New York City branch of Hillsong committed adultery and lost his position. Hillsong itself is now a fraction of its former size and influence, beaten and battered by financial challenges, moral failure, and corrupted leadership practices.
Though the documentary explored the impact of these events on the pastors, it also explored the impact of this implosion on various staff and church members. Certainly, we would consider the collapse of a megachurch amid scandals to be a type of “Wall,” and it was fascinating to watch how various people responded.
Some remained in the faith but found other churches. They pressed into the questions and concerns the scandals raised, explored their own hearts, and seemingly became wiser and deeper as a result.
Others abandoned biblical doctrine and adopted their own versions of Christianity, using the church’s collapse as justification for omitting the parts of the Bible they didn’t like.
One woman remains a Christian but refuses to attend any sort of organized church. She’s just done with institutional Christianity.
Several people left the faith altogether and are now atheists or agnostics.
They all faced the Wall. A few pressed into it, while most gave up in one way or the other.
When we embrace the Wall and venture into it, we venture into deep discipleship. The riches of the faith await on the other side.
Truth is, if we’re quiet enough, we can often sense that there’s more to this Christian life than what we’re experiencing anyhow. We sense we’re disconnected: from God, from others, and even from ourselves. Surely the “abundant life” means more than our very good Christian rituals. We seem to intuitively know there are stages in our formation we haven’t yet explored, but we just aren’t sure how to get there.
And if the “Wall” is a necessary step in our journey, well, sometimes we’d rather not experience the pain and introspection it requires.
The Three Primary Problems
However, in modern Christianity, we face additional obstacles beyond the inevitable “Wall.” Our era is facing Three Primary Problems – potential blockers to the later stages of our spiritual formation: the Discipleship Dilemma, the Formation Gap, and the Forgotten Kingdom.
The Discipleship Dilemma
When I first became aware of the Discipleship Dilemma, I wasn’t familiar with the Six Stages of Spiritual Formation.
Yet the Discipleship Dilemma is bound up in what we just mentioned – the journey inward, Stage 4.
Rob Loane and Randy Reese put it this way, “Engaging in the work of serving God and others without proper inward preparation and guidance is as spiritually foolish as climbing a challenging mountain without proper preparation is physically dangerous. There have been many casualties because leaders have failed to heed Paul’s exhortation to pay attention to yourself – pay attention to your person, your character.”
“There was an understanding among the early church fathers that true knowledge in the life of faith is always a ‘double knowledge.’”[4] Knowledge of God paired with knowledge of ourselves.
They go on to cite John Calvin, Bernard of Clairvaux, Julian of Norwich, Blaise Pascal, and Augustine, all of whom firmly endorsed the idea that our journey to know God more fully depends on our willingness to know ourselves more fully.[5]
Yet modern Christianity provides little endorsement, help, or guidance in this exploration of our own hearts. Thus, the dilemma. In order to become more and more like Jesus, we must dig beneath the surface into our own hearts, and that’s just not a message we hear from most pulpits and preachers today.
What does this exploration of our hearts look like? It looks like uncovering the hidden ideas and desires that form and shape us. These ideas, assumptions, principles, and concepts that power and govern us often lie hidden and buried underneath layers of experiences, relationships, belief statements, doctrine, personality, and coping strategies. Few people ever take the time and effort to venture into our soil and roots to explore the ideas that govern us, yet that’s often where genuine freedom, healing, and peace are found.
Heartview
It’s not that we don’t have the tools and markers to go excavating, however. God has ingeniously wired the human heart to display its deep ideas and desires through Eight Indicators: our thought patterns, emotions, health, relationships, behaviors, words, and how we use time and money.
These Eight Indicators are often plain, earthy, and even boring. Most of the time, we don’t pay much attention to them, but that’s the point. By inviting God and a trusted friend or spouse into the examination of our Indicators, we open ourselves up to peering down into our soils.
Why do we think the way we do? Why do certain relationships “trigger” us? Why are we wound so tight? Why do we not care much at all? Why do we spend more time at work than is really needed? Why can’t we control our spending at certain times of the year? Why do we get into these ruts of how we communicate, or don’t communicate, with our spouses?
If the term “worldview” refers to the set of beliefs through which we see the world, the term “heartview” refers to the journey of exploring our set of ideas by which we operate in the world. Heartview often lies quietly underneath our worldview. And they don’t always line up.
I made up the word “Heartview.” Who knows if it will stick, but what’s more important is that we practice it; that we take our Indicators to God, our spouses, or our friends and courageously ask the hard questions about why we are the way we are.
For the most part, Heartview isn’t something we’ll learn about or practice in the first three stages of our spiritual formation. Though it’s essential as we journey inward. After we practice it for a while, we find ourselves then searching the hearts of others, so that we may love them better. We don’t practice Heartview just on ourselves – we eventually learn to spot the Eight Indicators in others to serve them more like Jesus would.
This first problem, the Discipleship Dilemma, is an enormous challenge to our spiritual formation. We just aren’t taught and encouraged to excavate our hearts or to learn to discern the hearts of others. That’s why we explored it all in Season 2.
The Formation Gap
The Discipleship Dilemma raises some further questions about the modern church institution. If we are facing the Great Omission, and if most churches don’t know or don’t care to guide us into the later stages of our discipleship journey, we find ourselves in some sort of gap – a Formation Gap.
We may find ourselves stalled out in the first few stages of our formation. Or we wake up one day and realize we are “doing church,” but it’s become relatively lifeless and routine. If we’ve been in church a long time, we realize we’ve heard this version of the sermon before – many times in fact – and we can’t seem to find a place where we can press into the deeper things of the faith. Or where we can press into our stories and how we fit into God’s grand narrative.
In Season 3, we explored that virtually every intentionally designed formative human experience features Five Key Elements: time, habit, community, intimacy, and instruction. Whether it be early childhood, a professional sports team, marriage, addiction recovery, college, or the military, our culture makes the assumption that, to be formed like someone else, we need to join and participate in groups specifically designed to form us.
Except if we’re talking about modern Christianity and the most important formation of our lives – the journey of becoming more like Jesus.
If extensive time, specifically designed habits, intentional community, appropriate transparency, and repetitive, increasingly complex instruction are hallmarks of every other form of human experience, we have to sit back and wonder why these are not hallmarks of the modern discipleship effort.
Our Western lifestyle has a lot to do with it, though we also need to take a hard and critical look at our Christian institutions.
And, ultimately, we need to peer into our own hearts. Do we really want to become more like Jesus? We know what that means: most likely some suffering, giving things up, confronting our hearts and the hearts of others, probably being disliked by some, learning to love our enemies, becoming radically generous, and overall looking pretty weird, both to the culture and to our church.
When we really wrestle with the Formation Gap, it forces a lot of questions. Why do I take my daughter to gymnastics four days a week so that she can be formed into an athlete, but I show up to small group once a month and expect to become more like Jesus? Do I really think a weekly 30-minute monologue is the most spiritually formative thing in my life?
We can point fingers at our lifestyles or our churches if we want to find a cause of the Formation Gap. We can look at things like prosperity, a lack of difficult persecution, and the noise we create in our lives to cover up our struggles and pain. Those are all valid points. Perhaps there are even deeper factors at play that help explain our lack of interest or desire for genuine discipleship. Perhaps we aren’t really clear why we’re here.
The Forgotten Kingdom
Most of us experience the Bible in pieces and parts. We’ve been trained to use it as a sort of reference or instruction manual. We unconsciously assume it’s like a dictionary or encyclopedia. If we’re struggling with a sin, a question, depression, or anxiety, we look up certain passages that address our needs.
Unless we’re part of a liturgical congregation, our churches either preach through one chapter or book of the Bible, or they do a sermon series based on a topic, in which case they use passages from various places.
Either way, it’s pretty rare that we experience the Bible as a grand narrative. We don’t tend to think of the Bible as a story – a detailed, vibrant, heart-pounding tale of God and the human race. Even if we read through the Bible in a year, many of us give up in Leviticus, and even if we don’t, we may not pick up on the themes, threads, design, and rich motifs woven from Genesis through Revelation.
If we don’t become familiar with the big story, the meta-narrative, we may struggle to recognize and embrace what God is doing in the cosmos, and what He’s doing in and through us.
God created the world and invited us, His image bearers, to rule it with Him. We decided we were more qualified to determine good and evil than God, and we chose to rule the world ourselves. Then everything went haywire. Instead of one good, peaceful, and flourishing kingdom, there were now two kingdoms. One of light, and one of darkness.
Instead of fulfilling God’s original, good plan for humans, we more often than not acted like beasts, caving into the desire to become gods ourselves. The Old Testament chronicles this conflict, not only between the two kingdoms but in the hearts of men and women.
The solution was a human king who would not fall prey to this beastly instinct, who would suffer temptation successfully, reject the darkness’s ideas of power, and teach us a new way to be human – to be the type of human being God originally intended us to be.
However, the only person to fix this cosmic problem was God Himself – the “godman.” And He conquered the kingdom of darkness in the most unexpected way – by dying for His enemies. Us.
He ascended to His throne on the cross, broke the back of darkness with His resurrection, and took His rightful place as King of the Universe when He ascended. And then His third person, His Spirit, arrived to embolden and empower those who reject the darkness and embrace the light.
Throughout biblical history, God has shown an extraordinary desire to be with us. First in the Garden, then in the Tabernacle and temple, then in the person of Jesus, and now through the Spirit. And, at some point in the future, the universal conquering of darkness will be complete, and the Son will hand over the Kingdom to His Father after He has put all of His enemies under His feet.
That won’t really be the end. It will actually be the beginning.
But we’ve Forgotten this Kingdom and perhaps the grand narrative of the Bible. We’ve made “the Gospel” so much about our personal salvation that we’ve forgotten that the story is much bigger than us.
God will return the earth to its Eden state, but even better. He will dwell with His people, and He will be our God.
The Kingdom Conundrum
As we survey all that we’ve explored since Season 1, many of us resonate with the Great Omission, the Discipleship Dilemma, and the Formation Gap.
I’ve yet to find a Christian leader who thinks modern discipleship is going well. Virtually everyone I encounter agrees we are suffering from the Great Omission. We aren’t really making disciples.
Once we get our arms around the concept of these hidden ideas and desires that form us, most people I run into resonate with that. We intuitively know there are some things in our hearts that don’t always align with our beliefs. We have this sense that our hearts aren’t always connected to God, others, or even ourselves.
The Discipleship Dilemma may be a hard sell, only because so many of us have been trained to believe that our stories don’t really matter. Though the fact that our ability to know God more deeply depends on our knowing ourselves more deeply was a long-held, accepted assumption of the faith, the concept of “double knowledge” has largely been lost to history.
Whether we call it self-probing, introspection, digging beneath the surface, Heartview, contemplation, uncovering our hidden ideas, or Stage 4 of our spiritual formation, this practice is probably going to take a while to settle into our hearts and souls. Though I don’t find many people who disagree, it just seems foreign or uncomfortable.
Most people agree with the Formation Gap. It’s simple anthropology – our hearts need certain things in order to be formed like someone else. Many people recognize we don’t have access to the types of intimate, long-term, faithful communities we see reflected in our sit-coms, and we intuitively know that’s not good. We love our churches, and we should, but compared to other formative experiences, we recognize that our spiritual formation really isn’t front and center in our lives. We just may not be sure what to do about it.
But when we get to this other problem, the Forgotten Kingdom…well, things get interesting.
The Kingdom is a primary theme of Scripture. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus tells us we should seek the Kingdom first. It’s the first thing He teaches us to pray for – that the Kingdom will come. We know Jesus inaugurated the kingdom and He told us it would grow. He told us the darkness won’t prevail over it. We know He hands it over to His Father somewhere down the road. Jesus spent a lot of time and effort to teach us how to live in it.
Why, then, is there so much cloudiness, confusion, and disagreement on what this kingdom actually is? If it’s so important to the meta-narrative and so important to Jesus, shouldn’t we be able to agree on what it is and what we should be doing in it?
Of the Three Primary Problems, the Forgotten Kingdom may well be the most challenging, and we’ve explored at least one of the reasons why.
Our views of the End Times, whether well-defined or not, have a big impact on how we consciously or unconsciously define the kingdom, and what we assume we should be doing in it right now.
Splitters and Joiners Unite?
We boiled down various End Times perspectives into two groups: Splitters and Joiners, and it’s unlikely those two groups will find a consensus anytime soon.
Splitters view the meta-narrative of the Bible as splitting into two groups: Israel and the church. This leads to a view of biblical prophecy that calls for the world to wind down toward a time of terrible tribulation, evil, and death. Along with Israel and the church, other things get split. The Second Coming of Jesus is normally split into two events: the Rapture and the final Second Coming.
And the idea of the Kingdom is split. Though our current era, the Church Age, may find the number of Christians growing and evangelism spreading, the redemption of all creation doesn’t happen through the church in this age. It only really begins after Christ returns in the future, during a literal 1000-year millennium. So, the church age functions like a parenthetical expression between Jesus’ first and second coming. The cosmic, restorative work of Christ gets “split” by our current era. This leads to a pessimistic view of the church age, and it often results in a sense of purpose that centers on evangelism and relief. We find little reason to engage in six of the mountains of culture or in creation itself since much of that will be destroyed in the tribulation, only to be restored in the millennium.
The Joiners view the meta-narrative of the Bible as joining Israel and the church. This leads to a view of biblical prophecy that is largely already fulfilled. So, the world isn’t heading toward a time of terrible tribulation; it’s either winding up or bouncing around in cycles. Other things get joined – there is only one second coming of Jesus. And the Kingdom doesn’t get split – it instead grows on a continuum. The church age isn’t a break between the inception of the Kingdom and its cosmic restoration – the church in the church age through Christ is the primary means by which that cosmic restoration happens.
A Joiner’s idea of expectation about the church age is more optimistic, and typically their ideas of purpose are broader and more comprehensive than the Splitter’s.
By the way, most of these assumptions about the future of the church age, the Kingdom, and our purpose are unconscious. That’s what I’m trying to point out.
If we go to a church that operates from a Splitter perspective, we’re likely to find evangelism and relief efforts. We may not find as many efforts to reform government, influence the fashion industry, or make great art. If we’re Splitters, it’s not that we’re against those things – they just don’t fit into our unconscious assumptions about the Kingdom and our era, particularly if we believe the Tribulation is right around the corner.
If you go to a church that functions from a Joiner perspective, well, it may not be that much different if we’re in the West right now. Much of the reformational work being done in creation and the other six mountains of culture is happening through parachurch organizations rather than specific denominations or congregations.
All that to say, Splitters and Joiners don’t have all that much in common when it comes to the Forgotten Kingdom, at least what it means in our current age. One tends to view the purpose as the salvation from creation, while the other tends to view the purpose as the salvation of creation. One tends to view the end game as “getting to heaven,” while the other views the end game as “heaven coming to earth.” Those are no small differences, and they impact us, our families, our churches, and the culture in more ways than we can possibly count.
This Forgotten Kingdom is probably the trickiest of the Three Primary Problems, and that’s why we commit to continuing to wrestle with it with you.
Let’s Sum Up
So, there you go! You’re now up to date on our journey into deep discipleship.
We certainly recognize we are facing some real challenges:
- Modern Christianity isn’t really making disciples, people whose lives are centered around becoming more like Jesus. The good news is that it’s entirely solvable.
- We are facing a Discipleship Dilemma. We’ve lost the assumption that our journey to know Jesus better means we work together to know our own hearts better. There’s also good news here – the journey into our own hearts is the pathway toward a deeper love for others, and scores of people are doing just that. We just need to decide to join them.
- We do live in a Formation Gap. Unlike generations past, many of us don’t actually have access to communities whose purpose is to help form our character. We may be accumulating knowledge, we may be serving, or we may be doing great things, though we lack specific five-element communities that are designed to form our spirits. Yet more good news here! Soil and Roots, along with many other organizations, are recognizing and addressing the Formation Gap. For our part, we help form and support specific, small communities we call Greenhouses that embody all five elements in our journey to become more like Jesus. Check out our website for more information.
- We live in a culture that has Forgotten the Kingdom. For all of the angst and reluctance to talk about theocracies – governments that claim to be run by a god, we are actually living in one. We always have, but we’ve been living in a new type of theocracy for the past 2,000 years or so. The sooner we embrace and proclaim that fact, the better.
We realize we’re not all on the same page regarding this Kingdom. But it’s so central to the Bible and to Jesus that simply being ignorant or confused about it won’t work. If we’re praying that the Kingdom comes, we should probably come to grips with what it is we’re expecting to show up. If we’re to seek it first, we should probably determine what we’re supposed to be seeking.
Otherwise, we may find ourselves missing a lot of free throws.
[1] https://dwillard.org/articles/failure-of-evangelical-political-involvement?fbclid=IwAR02xyDvKbt4fT3pwXtW1l9S8gH_b_tbWvfIdAoh927wtvtre2DporwGInY
[2] https://dwillard.org/articles/failure-of-evangelical-political-involvement?fbclid=IwAR02xyDvKbt4fT3pwXtW1l9S8gH_b_tbWvfIdAoh927wtvtre2DporwGInY
[3] https://dwillard.org/articles/failure-of-evangelical-political-involvement?fbclid=IwAR02xyDvKbt4fT3pwXtW1l9S8gH_b_tbWvfIdAoh927wtvtre2DporwGInY
[4] Reese, R. & Loane, R. (2012). Deep Mentoring (p. 57). IVP Books
[5] Reese, R. & Loane, R. (2012). Deep Mentoring (p. 58). IVP Books
